Robotic Household Servants

The Jetsons' robot maid, Rosie, may become reality. As an SF fan, I say it's about time -- Heinlein's THE DOOR INTO SUMMER predicted this development to occur in 1970. The Figure AI company claims its humanoid robot, Figure 03, will "become the first robot suitable for carrying out domestic chores in the home, as well as all kinds of manual labor":

The Robot in Your Kitchen

The company aspires to the long-elusive achievement of "building a humanoid robot that can navigate the unpredictabilities of the world with the same fluidity as a person." The demo shows a Figure 03 folding laundry, a more complex procedure than it sounds like. The robots have the potential to learn a wide variety of domestic chores, and, according to their creator, are making rapid progress. They're trained by watching videos of people doing the tasks over and over. The automatons have mastered "object permanence," remembering the location of a hidden object. They'll allegedly be able to follow voice commands. The company is programming them with a proprietary version of safety limitations analogous to Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics.

The robots in the photos accompanying the article do look humanoid -- two arms, two legs, one head -- but not in the least cute or friendly. Why do they need to be shaped exactly like human beings anyway, though? Instead of only two jointed arms, wouldn't they perform more efficiently with multiple, flexible, tentacle-like appendages? Should they have more than two legs for greater stability? How about eyes encircling the head to give 360-degree vision instead of only two eyes on the front?

In short, do they have to look like Rosie? I'm reminded of a poem by Suzette Haden Elgin about personal care robots for the elderly to which their owners got so attached they refused replacements when the machines became obsolete or unrepairable. Therefore, the next model of robotic companion "looked exactly like a broom." Regardless of how the devices look though, people do tend to anthropomorphize any gadget that seems to have independent volition, including Alexa "personal assistants" and even Roombas. The 2025 issue of THE MAGAZINE OF FANTASY AND SCIENCE FICTION includes a story about futuristic Alexa-like programs so advanced they possess consciousness -- and, like many fictional artificial-intelligence entities, come to resent being treated as slaves.

Margaret L. Carter

Please explore love among the monsters at Carter's Crypt.

Robots in the Home

More new developments in household robotics:

Are Domestic Robots the Way of the Future?

One problem foregrounded by this article is people's expectation for robots to look humanoid, versus the optimal shape for efficiently performing their functions. A real-world autonomous floor cleaner, after all, doesn't take the form of "a humanoid robot with arms" able to "push a vacuum cleaner." A related problem is that our household environments, unlike factories, are designed to be interacted with by human beings rather than non-humanoid machines. Research by scientists at Cornell University has been trying "to balance our need to be able to relate ­emotionally to robots with making them genuinely useful."

Dave Coplin, CEO of The Envisioners, promotes the concept of "social robotics":

Domestic Robots Are Coming in 2019

He advocates "trying to imbue emotion into communication between humans and robots," as, for example, training robots to understand human facial expressions. He even takes the rather surprising position that the household robot of the future, rather than a "slave" or "master," should be "a companion and peer to the family.” According to Coplin, the better the communication between us and our intelligent machines, the more efficiently they will work for us. Potential problems need to be solved, however, such as the difficulty of a robot's learning to navigate a house designed for human inhabitants, as mentioned above. Security of data may also pose problems, because the robot of the future will need access to lots of personal information in order to do its job.

In Robert Heinlein's THE DOOR INTO SUMMER, the engineer narrator begins by creating single-task robots that sound a bit like the equivalent of Roombas. Later, he invents multi-purpose robotic domestic servants with more humanoid-like shapes, because they have to be almost as versatile as human workers. We're still a long way from the android grandmother in one of Ray Bradbury's classic stories, but robots are being designed to help with elder care in Japan. According to the article cited above, some potential customers want robots that may offer "companionship" by listening to their troubles or keeping pets company while owners are out. Now, if the robot could walk the dog, too, that would really be useful. The January NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC mentions medical robots that can draw blood, take vital signs, and even shift bedridden patients. One snag with such machines: To have the power to lift objects of significant weight, not to mention human adults, a robot has to be inconveniently heavy (as well as expensive).

On the subject of balancing usefulness with the need for relating emotionally: In Suzette Haden Elgin's poem "Too Human by Half," an elderly woman grows so attached to her lifelike household robot that she can't bear to replace it when it starts to malfunction. "Replace JANE? . . . Just because she's getting OLD?" Therefore, when the company launches its next model, "they made every one of the units look exactly like a broom."

Margaret L. Carter

Carter's Crypt